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Noncommutative geometry (NCG) is a branch of mathematics concerned with a geometric approach to noncommutative algebras, and with the construction of ''spaces'' that are locally presented by noncommutative algebras of functions (possibly in some generalized sense). A noncommutative algebra is an associative algebra in which the multiplication is not commutative, that is, for which does not always equal ; or more generally an algebraic structure in which one of the principal binary operations is not commutative; one also allows additional structures, e.g. topology or norm, to be possibly carried by the noncommutative algebra of functions. ==Motivation== The main motivation is to extend the commutative duality between spaces and functions to the noncommutative setting. In mathematics, ''spaces'', which are geometric in nature, can be related to numerical functions on them. In general, such functions will form a commutative ring. For instance, one may take the ring ''C''(''X'') of continuous complex-valued functions on a topological space ''X''. In many cases (''e.g.'', if ''X'' is a compact Hausdorff space), we can recover ''X'' from ''C''(''X''), and therefore it makes some sense to say that ''X'' has ''commutative topology''. More specifically, in topology, compact Hausdorff topological spaces can be reconstructed from the Banach algebra of functions on the space (Gel'fand-Neimark). In commutative algebraic geometry, algebraic schemes are locally prime spectra of commutative unital rings (A. Grothendieck), and schemes can be reconstructed from the categories of quasicoherent sheaves of modules on them (P. Gabriel-A. Rosenberg). For Grothendieck topologies, the cohomological properties of a site are invariant of the corresponding category of sheaves of sets viewed abstractly as a topos (A. Grothendieck). In all these cases, a space is reconstructed from the algebra of functions or its categorified version—some category of sheaves on that space. Functions on a topological space can be multiplied and added pointwise hence they form a commutative algebra; in fact these operations are local in the topology of the base space, hence the functions form a sheaf of commutative rings over the base space. The dream of noncommutative geometry is to generalize this duality to the duality between * noncommutative algebras, or sheaves of noncommutative algebras, or sheaf-like noncommutative algebraic or operator-algebraic structures * and geometric entities of certain kind, and interact between the algebraic and geometric description of those via this duality. Regarding that the commutative rings correspond to usual affine schemes, and commutative C *-algebras to usual topological spaces, the extension to noncommutative rings and algebras requires non-trivial generalization of topological spaces, as "non-commutative spaces". For this reason, some talk about non-commutative topology, though the term also has other meanings. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Noncommutative geometry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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